Uighur captives in Guantanamo
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The United States held approximately two dozen Uighurs captives in Guantanamo. Eighteen of the detainees attended their Combatant Status Review Tribunals.
Uighurs are an ethnic group from Xinjiang province in the west of China.<ref name=AsiaTimes041104>China's Uighurs trapped at Guantanamo, Asia Times, November 4 2004</ref> The Uighurs call their homeland East Turkistan.
The Washington Post reported, on August 24 2005, that fifteen Uighurs had been determined not to have been "enemy combatants" after all.<ref name=Wapo050824>Chinese Detainees Are Men Without a Country: 15 Muslims, Cleared of Terrorism Charges, Remain at Guantanamo With Nowhere to Go, Washington Post, August 24 2005</ref> The Post reported that detainees who had been determined to have been not enemy combatants were, not only still being incarcerated, but were still being shackled to the floor.
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Common elements in the allegations
- Most of the Uighurs were alleged to be members of the East Turkistan Islamic Movement.
- Most of the Uighurs were alleged to have completed military training.
- Some of the allegations stated that the military training camp was in the Tora Bora mountains.
- Most of the Uighurs were alleged to have accepted training that was sponsored by the Taliban, or Al Qaeda.
- All of the Uighurs were alleged to have fled when their camp was bombed as part of the United States bombing campaign.
- Many of the Uighurs were alleged to have engaged in hostilities in Tora Bora.
Common elements in the detainees' testimony
East Turkistan Islamic Movement
All the Uighurs who were asked about the East Turkistan Islamic Movement denied any contact with this organization. They all denied any participation in any political parties or organizations.
AK-47 training
All the detainees either denied receiving any training on the AK-47, or they said that the training they had received was minimal -- that they were shown how to disassemble the rifle, and were allowed to fire a couple of rounds. They all described being trained individually, by Uighurs named either Abdul Haq, or Hassan Maksum. They all denied being trained on any other weapons, or seeing any of the other Uighurs receive training on any other weapons.
Fleeing the camp after it was bombed
All the Uighurs reported that they did not expect their camp to be bombed. Some of the Uighurs acknowledged that they had heard of the attacks of September 11, 2001 on the radio. But none of them knew that the Taliban were accused of involvement. They all acknowledged having fled the camp when it was bombed. They all claimed they were unarmed. One of the Uighurs said Maksum was killed in the bombing.
Motives
None of the Uighurs described seeing the United States as an enemy. All of the Uighurs who mentioned the Chinese government described them as oppressive occupiers. Some of the Uighurs said that they sought out the training in order to go back to China and defend their fellow Uighurs against their Chinese occupiers.
Some of the other Uighurs said they sought out the camp of fellow Uighurs because they were waiting for a visa to Iran, one of the countries they had to pass through on their way to Turkey. They had heard that Turkey would grant them political asylum.
Combatant Status Review Tribunal results
From July 2004 through March 2005 all 568 of the detainees held at Guantanamo had their detention reviewed by Combatant Status Review Tribunals. 38 of the detainees were determined not to have been "enemy combatants" after all. Some or all of the Uighurs were among the 38 detainees determined not to have been enemy combatants, and were transferred from the main detention camp, to more pleasant incarceration at Camp Iguana.
This conclusion was remarked on by the Denbeaux study, that pointed out that many of the detainees who remained incarcerated had faced much less serious allegations than the Uighurs had faced.
On May 10 2006 Radio Free Asia reported that the five Uighurs transported to Albania were the only Uighurs who had been moved to Camp Iguana.<ref name=Rfa060510> Guantanamo Uyghurs Try to Settle in Albania, Radio Free Asia, May 10 2006</ref>
Information paper: Uighur Detainee Population at JTF-GTMO
Documents released in response to the writ of habeas corpus Hassan Anvar v. George W. Bush contained a memo entitled: "Information paper: Uighur Detainee Population at JTF-GTMO".<ref name=UighurDetaineePopulationAtJTFGTMO> {{
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}}</ref> This memo, dated 30 October 2004, provides one paragraph biographies of 22 Uighur captives. The memo asserts that all 22 captives are suspected of membership in the "East Turkistan Islamic Movement". The memo describes the Uighur camp as an "ETIM training camp".
Annual reviews
Detainees who were determined to have been properly classified as "enemy combatants" were scheduled to have their dossier reviewed at annual Administrative Review Board hearings.<ref name=JtfGtmoPao20071029> Template:Cite news</ref> The Administrative Review Boards weren't authorized to review whether a detainee qualified for POW status, and they weren't authorized to review whether a detainee should have been classified as an "enemy combatant".
They were authorized to consider whether a detainee should continue to be detained by the United States, because they continued to pose a threat -- or whether they could safely be repatriated to the custody of their home country, or whether they could be set free.
The first Administrative Review Boards convened in late December 2004, and completed in December 2005. A second set is known to have convened in 2006. In September 2007 the Department of Defense published all the Summary of Evidence memos prepared for the 2005 and 2006 Review Boards. The Department of Defense published the records of the recommendations of captives who had been repatriated or released through their review Boards. Some of the Uyghurs remain in Guantanamo, even though they
Asylum
None of the Uighurs wanted to be returned to China. The United States declined to grant the Uighurs political asylum, or to allow them parole, or even freedom on the Naval Base.
Some of the Uighurs had lawyers who volunteered to help them pursue a writ of habeas corpus, which would have been one step in getting them freed from American detention.
Five of the Uighurs were transported to Albania, on Friday May 5 2006. Those Uighurs were scheduled to have arguments for their writ of habeas corpus argued in US District Court on Monday May 8 2006. Barbara Olshansky, one of the Uighur's lawyers, characterized the sudden transfer as an attempt to: "...avoid having to answer in court for keeping innocent men in jail,<ref name=Bbc060506>Albania takes Guantanamo Uighurs, BBC, May 6 2006</ref>"
Some press reports state that the Uighurs have been granted political asylum in Albania. But the U.S. government press release merely states that they are applying for asylum in Albania.
On May 9 2006 the Associated Press reported that China denounced the transfer of custody.<ref name=ApNews060509>China Demands Return of Gitmo Detaniees, Associated Press, May 9 2006</ref><ref name=Jurist060509>China wants Gitmo Uighurs back, says Albania transfer breaks international law, The Jurist, May 9 2006</ref> China called the transfer of the Uighurs to Albania a violation of international law. Albania agreed to examine the evidence against the men.
Radio Free Asia reports that the five were staying at a National Center for Refugees in a Tirana suburb.<ref name=Rfa060510> Guantanamo Uyghurs Try to Settle in Albania, Radio Free Asia, May 10 2006</ref>
On May 24 2006 Abu Bakr Qasim told interviewers that he and his compatriots felt isolated in Albania.<ref name=Upi060524> 5 Guantanamo Uighurs baffled in Albania, United Press International, May 24 2006</ref> Qasim described his disappointment with the United States, who the Uighurs had been hoping would support the Uighurs quest for Uighur autonomy.
In an interview with ABC News Qasim said that members of the American-Urghur community had come forward and assured the American government that they would help him and his compatriots adapt to life in America, if they were given asylum in America.<ref name=Abc060523> Guantanamo's Innocents: Newly Released Prisoners Struggle to Find a Home, ABC News, May 23 2006</ref>
Individual's names
| 102 | Nag Mohammed |
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| {{#if: http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/detainees/csrt_arb/000101-000200.pdf#18 | {{#if: Summary of Evidence for Combatant Status Review Tribunal -- Mohammed, Nag (published September 2007) | Summary of Evidence for Combatant Status Review Tribunal -- Mohammed, Nag (published September 2007) }}}}
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- In response to a habeas corpus petition the Department of Defense published 30 pages of documents from his Combatant Status Review Tribunal.<ref name=GuantanamoHabeasNagMohammedvGeorgeWBush>
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- There is no record that Nag Mohammed has been cleared for release.<ref name=OardecArb1DecisionMemos20070717>
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{{#if: 17 July 2007
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{{#if: 10 August 2007
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| {{#if: http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/detainees/csrt_arb/index_ARB_Round_2_Decision_Memos.pdf Index | {{#if: Index of Transfer and Release Decision for Guantanamo Detainees from ARB Round Two | Index Index of Transfer and Release Decision for Guantanamo Detainees from ARB Round Two }}}}
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}}</ref> Neither is there any record that Nag Mohammed's status was reviewed in 2005 or 2006 -- although all captives who have not been cleared for release are supposed to have an annual Administrative Review Board hearing.<ref name=OardecArb1Factors> {{
- if: {{#if: http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/detainees/csrt_arb/index_ARB_Round_1_Detention_Transfer_Factors.pdf | {{#if: Index to Summaries of Detention-Release Factors for ARB Round One |1}}}}
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{{#if: 9 August 2007
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{{#if: 17 July 2007
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| . United States Department of Defense{{#if: OARDEC | | {{#if: 17 July 2007 || }} }}
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}}</ref> |- | 103 || Arkin Mahmud ||
- Attended his CSRT.<ref name=CsrtMahmud>[Summarized transcripts (.pdf), from Arkin Mahmud's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - pages 22-24</ref>
- Attended his ARB hearing.<ref name=ArbMahmud>Summarized transcript (.pdf), from Arkin Mahmud's Administrative Review Board hearing - page 123</ref>
- Mahmud is not accused of attending a training camp, or of engaging in hostilities, or of any association with Al Qaeda, the Taliban, or any group associated with terrorism.
- Mahmud traveled to Afghanistan to seek out his brother, who ha was surprised to learn was attending a training camp.
|- | 201 || Ahmad Tourson ||
- Attended his CSRT.<ref name=CsrtTourson>Summarized transcripts (.pdf), from Ahmad Tourson's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - pages 2-14</ref>
|- | 219 || Abdul Razak ||
- Attended his CSRT.
- Said he was working as a driver, was not attending any training camps.
- Acknowledged making a couple of deliveries of food to the Uighur camp.
|- | 250 || Hassan Anvar || |- | 260 || Ahmed Adil ||
- Attended his CSRT.<ref name=CsrtAdil>Summarized transcripts (.pdf), from Ahmed Adil's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - pages 56-61</ref>
- CSRT determined that he was not an "enemy combatant".
- Wrote to Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, pleading for her intercession to get released..<ref name=Letter>Letter to Condaleezza Rice, January 19 2006</ref>
- Transported to Albania on May 5 2006.<ref name=Rfa060510> Guantanamo Uyghurs Try to Settle in Albania, Radio Free Asia, May 10 2006</ref>
|- | 275 || Yusef Abbas ||
- A one paragraph description of Yusef Abbas, published in the "Information paper: Uighur Detainee Population at JTF-GTMO" on 30 October 2004 stated<ref name=UighurDetaineePopulationAtJTFGTMO/>:
- Yusef Abbas is a 29-year-old Chinese citizen who is an ethnic Uighur Template:Sic from the town of Qarayar or Ghirak in Aksu or Gulja, Xinjiang province of China. He left the Peoples Republic of China in 2001, after being imprisoned twice, and traveled to Jalalabad Afghanistan via Kyrgyzistan and Pakistan. He was last interviewed in mid 2003. He has no reported incidents of violence in his discipline history. Abbas is suspected as being a probable member of the East Turkistan Islamic Movement (ETIM). He is suspected of having received training in an ETIM training camp in Afghanistan.
- Attended his CSRT.<ref name=CsrtAbbas>Summarized transcripts (.pdf), from Yusef Abbas's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - pages 18-25</ref>
|- | 276 || Akhdar Qasem Basit ||
- Attended his CSRT.<ref name=CsrtBasit>[Summarized transcripts (.pdf), from Akhdar Qasem Basit's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - pages 1-6</ref>
|-Transported to Albania on May 5, 2006.[3] | 277 || Bahtiyar Mahnut ||
- Attended his CSRT.<<ref name=CsrtMahnut>Summarized transcripts (.pdf), from Bahtiyar Mahnut's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - pages 11-28</ref>
- There is no record that Yusef Abbas has been cleared for release.<ref name=OardecArb1DecisionMemos20070717/><ref name=OardecArb2DecicsionMemo/> Neither is there any record that Nag Mohammed's status was reviewed in 2005 or 2006 -- although all captives who have not been cleared for release are supposed to have an annual Administrative Review Board hearing.<ref name=OardecArb1Factors/><ref name=OardecArb2Factors20070717/>
|- | 278 || Abdul Helil Mamut ||
- Attended his CSRT.<ref name=CsrtMamut>Summarized transcripts (.pdf), from Abdul Helil Mamut's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - pages 7-14</ref>
|- | 279 || Haji Mohammed Ayub ||
- Attended his CSRT.<ref name=CsrtAyub>Summarized transcripts (.pdf), from Haji Mohammed Ayub's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - pages 49-55</ref>
|- | 280 || Saidullah Khalik || |- | 281 || Abdul Ghappar Abdul Rahman ||
- Attended his CSRT.<ref name=CsrtRahman>Summarized transcripts (.pdf), from Abdul Ghappar Abdul Rahman's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - pages 34-45</ref>
|- | 282 || Hajiakbar Abdulghupur ||
- Attended his CSRT.<ref name=CsrtAbdulghupur>[Summarized transcripts (.pdf), from Hajiakbar Abdulghupur's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - pages 65</ref>
|- | 283 || Abu Bakr Qasim ||
- Attended his CSRT.<ref name=CsrtSet12>summarized transcript (.pdf), from Abu Bakker Qassim's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - pages 21-23</ref>
- CSRT determined that he was not an "enemy combatant".
- Transported to Albania on May 5 2006.<ref name=Rfa060510> Guantanamo Uyghurs Try to Settle in Albania, Radio Free Asia, May 10 2006</ref>
|- | 285 || Abdullah Abdulqadirakhum ||
- Attended his CSRT.<ref name=CsrtAbdulqadirakhum>Summarized transcripts (.pdf), from Abdullah Abdulqadirakhum's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - pages 26-39</ref>
|- | 289 || Dawut Abdurehim ||
- Attended his CSRT.<ref name=CsrtAbdurehim>[Summarized transcripts (.pdf), from Dawut Abdurehim's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - pages 9-17</ref>
|- | 293 || Adel Abdulhehim ||
- Attended his CSRT.<ref name=CsrtAbdulhehim>Summarized transcripts (.pdf), from Adel Abdulhehim's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - pages 36-45</ref>
- Transported to Albania on May 5 2006.<ref name=Rfa060510> Guantanamo Uyghurs Try to Settle in Albania, Radio Free Asia, May 10 2006</ref>
|- | 295 || Emam Abdulahat ||
- Attended his CSRT.<ref name=CsrtAbdulahat>Summarized transcripts (.pdf), from Emam Abdulahat's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - pages 99-111</ref>
|- | 320 || Hozaifa Parhat ||
- Attended his CSRT.<ref name=CsrtParhat>[Summarized transcripts (.pdf), from Hozaifa Parhat's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - pages 43-54</ref>
|- | 328 || Ahmed Mohamed ||
- Attended his CSRT.<ref name=CsrtMohamed>[Summarized transcripts (.pdf), from Ahmed Mohamed's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - pages 22-30</ref>
|- | 584 || Adel Noori ||
- Attended his CSRT.<ref name=CsrtAdelNoori>Summarized transcripts (.pdf) from Adel Noori's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - page 45 </ref>
|- |}
Radio Free Asia named the five released Uighurs.<ref name=Rfa060510> Guantanamo Uyghurs Try to Settle in Albania, Radio Free Asia, May 10 2006</ref> But the report identified the Uighurs with different transliterations than that used in the U.S. press release: Ababehir Qasim, Adil Abdulhakim, Ayuphaji Mahomet, Ahter and Ahmet
References
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